Fernando Antonio Noriega Ureña: National Research System, SNI level II. PhD in Economics by the University Paris X Nanterre and the Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana. Master’s degree in economics by the Centro de Investigación y Docencia económicas (CIDE). Bachelor’s degree in economics from the Universidad de San Andrés, Bolivia. Research project: Open macroeconomics in the theory of the nonexistence of the labor market.