This book offers a succinct approach at economic processes that took place in Argentina between close to the nineteenth and the mid-twentieth centuries, aiming to bring a more widespread public a summary of main studies conducted over an important past period at national level, ranging from the liberal State to the Peronist interventionism in the economic field. This undertaking is useful in a context in which the economic historiography of Argentina has expanded considerably, which constitutes the reason why such a text contributes, on the one hand, to improving university students training in a long term vision of national economy and, on the other, providing other readers interested in such topics an introduction to the subject. In addittion, this proposal enables the combination at analytical level, national and regional processes, with the purpose of problematizing some thematic areas by reducing the scope of analysis.