A brilliant analysis, flawlessly sustained, of the peculiar manners in which the Andean Indigenous Program contributed to insinuate thoughts and practices of development that penetrated the Andean states formation. The focus of the book opens a window to the transnational welfare state regimes that flourished by mid XX century and towards the technocratic devises that emerged around these regimes. The authors reveal some of the central processes that shaped indigenous population of the Andes—especially women—as objects of intervention, concern and improvement, and that made out of indigenous communities a space where external agents, local and global, cultivated their own professional expertise. This work will turn into mandatory reading for those who research the history of development, the gendered character of the state formation and citizenship or the administration of indigenous populations in America.