The conservation and sustainable use of biodiversity are one of the most important challenges facing humanity. Biodiversity is essential for agriculture because it provides genes and ecological services, and agriculture is the main activity that threatens biodiversity, due to the simplification of agroecosystems and the use of pesticides. The design and management of sustainable agroecosystems requires strengthening ecological processes, such as biotic regulation and nutrient cycling. And this requires correct levels of functional, cultivated and spontaneous biodiversity, within the properties and in the surrounding landscape that facilitates the flow of the components of biodiversity. This constitutes a new field in agronomic sciences, a vacancy area that this book aims to address, as a reference work for undergraduate and graduate students and all those interested in the design and management of sustainable and resilient agroecosystems.