"This book has born from the inconformity of the split between realism and criticism in contemporary political theory", writes the author. "It is a sweet, naive and, at the limit, incompetent vision of politics to understand and promote interventions in the world". With seven chapters, the book begins the discussion by recovering concepts of conflict and interest and emphasizing inequalities of the "social world" that influence directly to the democracy. He criticizes, "a growing disregard for the democratic quality of political institutions, particularly representation, even in the fringes that are most progressive of the theoretical thought". The book also brings reflections on inequality and representation, on the figure of the representative as protector as well as on the concept of oligarchy and representation in thought of authors as differents as Robert Michels and Pierre Bourdieu and their "pessimisms". There is also a thought about the irreconcilable consequences for democracy of a split society marked by material contrasts. Finally, Miguel approaches and discusses possible utopias of post-socialism that proposes alternatives for the capitalist system in crisis.