The Metabolic Syndrome is a serious Public Health problem that predisposes people to suffer cardiovascular diseases. Its prevalence, among other factors, is associated with a diet rich in sugars, fats and refined flours, mostly from processed foods, which in turn is causing a loss or decrease in the intake of traditional foods with high value nutritious and functional properties. In this book, the authors compile the most relevant information on the nutritional content, bioactive compounds and functional properties of foods of Mesoamerican origin such as avocado, nopal, chili, chia and edible mushrooms, and their effect on unhealthy body parameters and abnormal biochemical parameters present in the Metabolic Syndrome (hypertension, obesity, pro-inflammatory and pro-thrombotic state, atherogenic dyslipidemia, glucose intolerance and insulin resistance). In addition to making known the importance that these foods have in relation to nutrition and human health, general suggestions are made for their incorporation into the eating patterns of the Mexican population.