Actually the world is facing important economic, environmental and alimentary challenges, among many others, and the bioeconomy has become the basis for the development of policies that seek to face and solve these problems. However, the concept of bioeconomy lends itself to the development of solutions with multiple practical approaches, most of which have as their main objective the benefit of important private actors and/or international institutions whose interests have little in common with the well-being of the population, especially in the most impoverished regions. Because of this, the bioeconomy has’nt had the boom necessary to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and stop climate change; however, bioeconomy is being carried out in different sectors and at different levels, from small producers to large agro-industries or scientific developments. The objetive of this book is to spread the bioeconomy, from theoretical knowledge to some applications that are done in Mexico and other parts of the world, which can contribute to reflexion and analysis on the subject.