Latin American regional integration projects are faced with a challenge that directly defies educational communities in our countries: how to create a framework that allows bilingual dialogues between speakers of Portuguese and Spanish. Languages and Discourses in the Construction of South American Citizenship consists in a selection of papers and articles in which a score of specialists from all over the continent reflect on different aspects of this process of cultural and linguistic integration. With the help of these highly proficient analysts, we gain insight into revealing cases such as the generalized Spanish and Guarani bilingualism in Paraguay, we review the concept of linguistic norm and the sociopolitical factors that validate it, and we become familiar with materials for the teaching of Spanish in schools located in Brazil.