With the invention of photography and the development of litography the mid-nineteenth century, newspapers, periodicals and magazines have emerged with illustrations featured prominently. The most representative example is the weekly El Perú Ilustrado. In her book El Perú Ilustrado. Semanario para las familias. Litografías y cultura visual en la posguerra (1887-1892), Emma Patricia Victorio Cánovas provides arguments to understand how Peruvian identity has been shaped through text and images which have fostered a sense of belonging and identity in the post-war period. Moreover, the themes contributed to a better understanding of the message and restored a sense of national pride and belonging to a great nation. Finally, the weekly advertising images instilled the recovery of self-esteem and showed a society fully capable of meeting new needs associated with well-being and the idea of progress in a country in search of self-knowledge.