This text is the product of the bilateral collaboration work of a technical-academic team of the Institute of Indigenous Studies at the Universidad Autónoma de Chiapas (UNACH), Mexico and two instances from the Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Argentina. In this book, several productive strategies of rural life are presented where small-scale agricultural production plays a fundamental role in these two countries, and shows how these activities are economically profitable, on low investment requirements and easy adaptation and adoption to the system of farmers life based on the territories phytogenetic resources, which allows not to depend on external inputs.